More Intake of Chocolate May Yield Lower Body Mass Index [Medscape]

More Intake of Chocolate May Yield Lower Body Mass Index 

From Medscape Education Clinical Briefs

 Chocolate appears to have a beneficial role in blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, according to Grassi and colleagues in the March 2005 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, and in cholesterol levels, according to Allen and colleagues in the April 2008 issue of the Journal of Nutrition. However, the benefit of chocolate intake might be offset by the caloric intake. 

 초콜렛은 2005년 Grassi 등에 의하면 혈압과 인슐린민감도, 2008년 Allen 등에 의하면 콜레스테롤 수치에 있어 유익한 효과가 있다고 알려졌습니다. 그러나 초콜렛 섭취의 장점은 초콜렛 섭취로 인한 더 많은 칼로리 섭취로 인해서 상쇄되어질 수 있습니다. 

This cross-sectional study by Golomb and colleagues assesses whether the frequency of chocolate intake is associated with body mass index (BMI).

 그렇다면 초콜렛 섭취의 '빈도'와 BMI 간의 관계는 그럼 어떨까요?

A recent study showed that frequent chocolate consumption was associated with lower BMI, even when adjusting for calorie intake, saturated fat (satfat) intake, and mood.

 최근 연구결과 의하면 초콜렛 섭취가 낮은 BMI와 관련이 있다고 하며, 통계적으로 '섭취한 칼로리양, 포화지방산 섭취, 기분mood'를 보정하여 분석해봐도 그렇다고 합니다. 

Beatrice A. Golomb, MD, PhD, associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Diego, and colleagues described their findings in a research letter published in the March 26 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

The authors used data from 1018 patients already being screened for inclusion in a clinical study evaluating noncardiac effects of statin medications. Of the 1018 participants, 1017 answered the question, "How many times a week do you consume chocolate?" BMI was calculated for 972 participants (95.6%); and 975 (95.8%) answered the validated Fred Hutchinson Food Frequency Questionnaire.

 논문의 저자들은 statin이 심장 외에 작용하는 효과를 알아보기 위해 임상실험을 포함한 스크리닝 테스트에 참여한 1018명의 환자들에 대한 data를 분석하였으며, "일주일에 몇번이나 초콜렛을 먹나요?"란 설문을 하였습니다.

The investigators performed analyses with and without adjustment for calorie intake, satfat intake, and mood. Fruit and vegetable intake was not associated with chocolate consumption (β, 0.004; P = .55), but satfat intake was significantly related to both chocolate consumption (β, 0.035; P < .001) and higher BMI.

 그 결과 과일, 야채의 섭취는 초콜렛 섭취와 연관성이 없었지만, 포화지방 섭취는 초콜렛 섭취 및 높은 BMI와 유의한 상관관계를 가졌다고 밝혀졌습니다.

The amount of chocolate consumed was examined, in addition to the frequency of chocolate consumption. Activity (number of times in a 7-day period the participant engaged in vigorous activity for at least 20 minutes) and mood (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale [CES-D]) were also examined.

 덧붙여 초콜렛 섭취량과 섭취빈도도 알아보았고, 운동량(적어도 20분이상씩 강한정도로 운동에 참여하는 날이 7주일에 얼마나 되는지) 및 우울증 등의 기분mood도 조사를 하였습니다.

The relationship between chocolate consumption frequency and BMI was calculated in unadjusted models, in models adjusted for age and sex, and in models adjusted for activity, satfats, and mood.

 나이와 성별, 활동량, 포화지방섭취량, 기분 등으로 조정한 모델 및 조정하지 않은 모델들을 각각 연구하였고...

Study participants consumed chocolate a mean 2.0 (SD, 2.5) times per week and exercised 3.6 (SD, 3.0) times per week. Frequency of chocolate consumption was associated with greater intake of calories and satfats and higher CES-D scores (P < .001 for each of these 3 associations); these all related positively to BMI. Chocolate consumption frequency was not associated with greater activity (P = .41), but it was associated with lower BMI (unadjusted P = .01). This association remained with and without adjustment for age and sex, as well as for calories, satfats, and depression.

 결과적으로 연구참여자들은 일주일에 평균보다 2배정도 초콜렛을 먹었고 3.6배정도 운동을 더 수행하였습니다. 초콜렛을 먹는 빈도는 높은 칼로리 섭취 및 포화지방, 높은 CES-D score와 관련이 있는데, 이것은 모두 BMI를 높이는 것과 연관됩니다. 초콜렛 섭취 빈도가 더 많은 운동량과 상관은 없었지만 반면 낮은 BMI와는 연관이 있었고, 그런 연관은 여러 변수들(위에 언급했던)의 교정유무와 관련없이 여전히 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났습니다.

Although chocolate consumption frequency was associated with lower BMI, the amount of chocolate consumed was not (eg, per medium chocolate serving or 1 oz [28 g], β, 0.00057 and P = .97, in an age- and sex-adjusted model).

 즉 초콜렛을 먹는 빈도가 낮은 BMI와 연관이 있다고 하더라도 초콜렛을 먹은 전체 양은 BMI와 그런 연관성이 있지는 않다고 합니다.

"The connection of higher chocolate consumption frequency to lower BMI is opposite to associations presumed based on calories alone, but concordant with a growing body of literature suggesting that the character — as well as the quantity — of calories has an impact on [metabolic syndrome (MetS)] factors," write the authors.

"초콜렛을 자주 먹는 것과 BMI가 낮다는 사실은 칼로리만을 따져봤을 때는 예상과는 정반대입니다. 그러나 문헌에서 알 수 있듯 몸이 성장하는 것에 있어 칼로리의 특징과 그 양quantity이 대사증후군에 중요한 영향을 주는 것은 사실입니다."

They further explain that as chocolate products are frequently high in sugar and fat, they are often assumed to contribute to an increased BMI. The authors note that this may still be true in some cases.

 보통 초콜렛에는 당이나 지방이 많은데 그것이 BMI를 높이는데 일조한다는 점에서는 저자들도 그것은 인정을 하고 있습니다.

"Our findings — that more frequent chocolate intake is linked to lower BMI — are intriguing," write the authors. "They accord with other findings suggesting that diet composition, as well as calorie number, may influence BMI. They comport with reported benefits of chocolate to other elements of MetS," the authors write, noting that a randomized trial studying the metabolic benefits of chocolate in humans may be warranted.

"우리의 연구결과는 아주 흥미롭다. 그것은 음식의 구성성문이나 섭취 칼로리 양이 BMI에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 다른 연구결과와 일치하며 다른 대사증후군의 요소들에 대한 초콜렛의 알려진 유용성과도 관련있다." 

이 연구에서 저자들은 앞으로 사람에서 초콜렛의 대사적 장점에 대한 무작위 연구가 필요하다고 마무리를 짓습니다. 

This study was funded by a grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, and was supported by the University of California, San Diego, General Clinical Research Center. The authors have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

결론 : "좋은" 초콜렛을 "자주" 먹으면 다이어트 효과가 있을 수 있음